Caustic soda (NaOH), also known as sodium hydroxide, is a highly caustic and reactive alkaline substance used extensively in industrial processes. It is most commonly distributed as a liquid solution, typically in concentrations of 25%, 32%, or 50%. Its strong alkalinity and effectiveness in neutralizing acids make it indispensable in a broad range of chemical and manufacturing applications.
Despite its widespread use, the storage and handling of caustic soda liquids present several difficulties. NaOH is highly corrosive to skin and most metals, and it readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air, leading to the formation of solid sodium carbonate, which can cause blockages in pipes and dosing systems. Furthermore, under colder temperatures, sodium hydroxide tends to crystallize, which poses additional problems in transport and storage infrastructure.